State Reports for 2005
| Illinois - project reports |
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1) Project title: Enhanced plant production in interior plantscapes with biological control agents Investigators: R. A. Cloyd and K. B. Rothwangl, University of Illinois; R. N. Wiedenmann, Illinois Natural History Survey, Center of Ecological Entomology Contact: R. A. Cloyd (rcloyd@uiuc.edu) Project description: We measured the effects of three commonly used insecticides classified as insect growth regulators on the encyrtid parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii when parasitizing citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri. Kinoprene, pyriproxyfen, and azadirachtin were evaluated in both petri dish and a cage experiment at label-recommended rates to measure their effects on survival, parasitization rate, and sex ratio of L. dactylopii. Kinoprene applied 24 h before parasitoid release caused 100% mortality of L. dactylopii in petri dishes within 48 h. Mortality rates for L. dactylopii exposed to azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen did not exceed 5% regardless of release time. Kinoprene also significantly reduced L. dactylopii parasitization rates compared to azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen. In a cage experiment with coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides), applications of both pyriproxyfen and kinoprene resulted in fewer P. citri parasitized by L. dactylopii than azadirachtin or the control. Based on the results from this study, we suggest that kinoprene is not compatible with releases of L. dactylopii to control citrus mealybug. Project completed in 2003. Back to top of web page 2) Project title: Lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides on the soil-dwelling predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus, under laboratory conditions. Investigators: R. A. Cloyd and A. R. Cabrera, University of Illinois; E. R. Zaborski, Illinois Natural History Survey, Center of Ecological Entomoloy Contact: R. A. Cloyd (rcloyd@uiuc.edu) Project description: This project determined the compatibility of commercially available insecticides (chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, and pyriproxyfen) and fungicides (fosetyl-Al and mefenoxam) with the soil-dwelling predatory mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (=Hypoaspis miles). We measured the impact of these pesticides on mite survival, longevity, fecundity, pre-oviposition period, and attack rate under laboratory-controlled conditions. Pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, fosetyl-Al, and mefenoxam are compatible with S. scimitus as these pesticides caused minimal mortality of protonymphs, and they did not negatively affect the development and reproduction of S. scimitus under laboratory conditions. The insecticide chlorpyrifos is not compatible with S. scimitus. Project completed in 2003. Back to top of web page 3) Project title: Effects of commercial surfactants on different strains of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica in controlling western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis on transvaal daisy, Gerbera jamesonii under laboratory conditions. Investigators: R. A. Cloyd and E. X. Caamano, University of Illinois; L. F. Solter Illinois Natural History Survey, Center of Ecological Entomology Contact: R. A. Cloyd (rcloyd@uiuc.edu) Project description: This project will determine if various commercially available surfactancts are harmful to the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica. In addition, we will assess the potential of using entomopathogenic nematodes to control western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis under laboratory conditions. Back to top of web page 4) Project title: Evaluate use of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria for managing fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., in greenhouse production systems. Investigators: R. A. Cloyd, A. Dickinson, and E. M. Birken University of Illinois. Contact: R. A. Cloyd (rcloyd@uiuc.edu) Project description: This project will determine the effectiveness of the rove beetle, Atheta (=Dalotia) coriaria in controlling the fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila and evaluate the compatibility of the rove beetle with insecticides and fungicides commonly used in greenhouse production systems. Back to top of web page 5) Project title: Effect of insecticides on the
natural enemies of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri;
the mealybug destroyer, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the
encyrtid parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii. Contact: R. A. Cloyd (rcloyd@uiuc.edu) Project description: We measured the lethal effects of commonly used insecticides on the mealybug destroyer, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Leptomastix dactylopii under laboratory conditions. The insecticides buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, and flonicamid are compatible with both natural enemies as these insecticides caused minimal mortality of the adult stages, whereas the insecticides acetamiprid, dinotefuran, and clothianidin were harmful to the adult stages of both natural enemies with mortality values exceeding 70% after 48 and 72 h. Back to top of web page 6) Project title: Augmenting floral resources for conservation biological control in ornamental landscapes Investigators: L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois; C. S. Sadof, Purdue University Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: This research project tests the hypothesis that natural enemies of insects can be encouraged to suppress pests of ornamental plants by augmenting the abundance of plants that provide nectar and pollen for these natural enemies (“floral resource plants”). Our model systems consist of two large ornamental landscapes, one in Illinois and one in Indiana, composed of replicated study plots with varying densities of four species of resource plants. The plant-feeding pests include two species of scale insects: pine needle scale on Scotch pines at the Illinois site, and euonymus scale on ornamental euonymus at the Indiana site. Planting treatments had a dramatic influence on the abundance of natural enemies present on the woody plants. At the Illinois site, some guilds of natural enemies were as much as 10 times more abundant in plots with resource plants than in bare plots, including hymenopteran parasitoids in general, predaceous beetles (carabids, cantharids), and predaceous hemipterans (nabids, anthocorids). Higher abundances of natural enemies in plots with resource plants have resulted in significantly lower population densities of scale insects. Back to top of web page 7) Project title: Native natural enemies of native wood borers: Potential biological control agents of the Asian longhorned beetle and other invasive wood borer species Investigators: L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois; M. T. Smith, USDA-ARS-BIIR, Newark, DE Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to characterize the natural history and behavior of a broad range of natural enemies of native wood borers. The resulting data will allow predictions of natural enemy species that have the greatest potential as biological control agents of ALB in the US and abroad, as well as of other current or potential invasive wood borer species. Back to top of web page 8) Project title: Biological control of invasive exotic wood borers of eucalyptus in California Investigators: L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois; T. D. Paine and J. G. Millar, University of California, Riverside Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: Research on interactions between parasitoids and their cerambycid hosts that are important pests of ornamental eucalyptus trees. Current projects include host effects on performance of larval parasitoids, host resistance to egg parasitoids, and the host/parasitoid population dynamics. Back to top of web page 9) Project title: Long-range pheromones of cerambycid beetles Investigators: L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois, J. G. Millar, U. C. Riverside Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: We are pursuing the identification of long-range pheromones and attractant host plant volatiles of several cerambycid species of the subfamily Cerambycinae. Pheromones of these species are apparently structurally related, variations on a common structure motif. These compounds may have relevance for biological control of some wood-boring pests because they apparently serve as kairomones for the natural enemies of cerambycid species. Back to top of web page 10) Project title: Evaluating floral attractants of parasitic insects to improve regulation of plant-feeding pests Investigators: L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: Our earlier research has demonstrated that insects that parasitize pine needle scale and evergreen bagworm can be encouraged to suppress infestations by including flowers in landscape plantings, and that these parasitoids are attracted by volatile chemical released by flowers. The current research project explores the potential for managing plant-feeding insect pests in urban landscapes by manipulating their natural enemies with floral attractants alone. Because the parasitoid species that we study are highly generalized, attacking a broad variety of herbivorous species, the research likely will have applications for controlling other pest species. This ecological strategy for pest management could reduce application of pesticides in urban environments, improving their ecological balance and quality as habitats for humans. Back to top of web page 11) Project title: Tritrophic interactions in endophytic insect communities of perennial prairie plants Investigators: J. F. Tooker and L. M. Hanks, University of Illinois Contact: Lawrence M. Hanks (hanks@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: We have characterized communities of endophytic insects that inhabit stems of Silphium laciniatum L. and S. terebinthinaceum Jacquin (Asteraceae), endemic plants of tallgrass prairies. Endophytic herbivores, gall wasps Antistrophus rufus Gillette and A. minor Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and stem-boring larvae of the beetle Mordellistena aethiops Smith (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), were attacked by ten species of natural enemies. We report new host plant associations for herbivores, new host insect associations for parasitoids, and evidence that A. rufus is actually comprised of two species. We evaluated the role of plant volatiles in location of hosts by parasitoids in the prairie system and the relative impact of herbivores and their parasitoids on host plant fitness. Back to top of web page 12) Project title: Taxonomy and biology of
lymantriid microsporidia Contact: Leellen F. Solter (lsolter@uiuc.edu) Field studies to determine the effects of ULV spray release of two gypsy moth microsporidian isolates on non-target species were completed. One isolate was shown to infect seven related non-target noctuid species but was not found in the same non-target species 1 and 2 years post-spray; the second isolate was not recovered from non-target species, despite quadrupled dosages in year 3. A NAPPO proposal was submitted requesting permission to release 3 isolates of microsporidia against the gypsy moth in the U.S. A favorable ruling was received from EPA and USDA APHIS, and permits are being prepared for a May 2006 release in Northern Illinois. Cage experiments to study transmission of Nosema lymantriae between gypsy moth larvae in the field were completed and data analysis is underway. Laboratory bioassays suggest that the pathogen is transmitted via the feces due to infected Malpighian tubules during mid-stage infection. Back to top of web page 13) Project title: Ecology and competition among gypsy moth microsporidia. Investigators: L. F. Solter, Illinois Natural History Survey; D. K. Pilarska, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Gernot Hoch, BOKU, Vienna, Austria; A. Linde, Fachhochschule Eberswalde, Eberswalde, Germany Contact: Leellen F. Solter (lsolter@uiuc.edu) Back to top of web page 14) Project title: Eastern tent caterpillar microsporidia Investigators: L. F. Solter, Illinois Natural History Survey; Douglas Streett, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS; Michael Baker, Iowa State University Contact: Leellen F. Solter (lsolter@uiuc.edu) Project description: A Nosema-type microsporidium recovered from Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) populations in Kentucky is biologically different from a Nosema isolate from Illinois and from the forest tent caterpillar, M. disstria. These isolates are currently being sequenced to determine their relationships. Back to top of web page 15) Project title:Role of Pathogenic Microsporidia in the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Natural Enemy Complex Investigators: L. Solter: Illinois Natural History Survey, B. Onken: USDA Forest Service NA, Morgantown, West Virginia, R. Reardon: USDA Forest Service FHTET, Morgantown West Virginia, D. Palmer: New Jersey Dept. of Agriculture Beneficial Insect Lab, Trenton, NJ, S. Salom: Virginia Polytechnic State University, K. Shields: USDA Forest Service NERS, Hamden, CT, K. Wallin: Oregon State University, C. Cheah: CT Agriculture Experiment Station, Hamden, CT Contact: Leellen F. Solter (lsolter@uiuc.edu) Project description: Microsporidia were found in a laboratory colony of Sasajischymnus tsugae, a coccinellid predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, a serious pest of Eastern hemlock, and in a second, field collected predator, Laricobius nigrinus (Derodontidae), of the Western hemlock adelgid. Studies have begun to describe the two microsporidia and to determine their impact on the predator hosts in production colonies. Back to top of web page 16) Project title: Rearing the carabid beetle, Poecilus chalcites, on an artificial diet, and its use in testing effects of Cry 3Bb1 protein on non-target beetles. Investigators: J. G. Lundgren, USDA-ARS; Jian J. Duan and Mark Paradise, Monsanto Company ; R. N. Wiedenmann, Illinois Natural History Survey Contact: Robert N. Wiedenmann (rwieden@uark.edu) Project description: We developed an artificial diet and testing arena that allows development of Poecilus chalcites from first instar to adult. P. chalcites is a common ground beetle in many habitats and a predator of several agricultural pests including corn rootworms. With our developed test system we conducted a dietary-exposure bioassay with larvae of P. chalcites to assess potential non-target impacts of transgenic corn event MON 863 expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein for control of Diabrotica spp. The assay involved 28 days of continuous exposure of larvae of P. chalcites to an artificial diet treated with a maximum hazard dose of the Cry3Bb1 protein. Results from this study demonstrated that the Cry3Bb1 protein had no adverse effect on the survival, development, and growth of the larvae of P. chalcites. Back to top of web page 17) Project title: Biological control of Dipsacus laciniatus. Investigators: S. Raghu and R. N. Wiedenmann, Illinois Natural History Survey; Brian G. Rector, USDA-ARS European Biological Control Laboratory, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France Contact: Robert N. Wiedenmann (rwieden@uark.edu) Project description: We are continuing a collaboration with the USDA-ARS European Biological Control Laboratory in Montpellier, France, to find potential biological control agents for teasel. Explorations by BGR in France, Greece, Cyprus, Bulgaria and Romania have yielded several potential agents, including a leafmining fly (Chromatomyia ramosa; Agromyzidae), two chrysomelids: a flea beetle (Longitarsus strigicollis) and a leaf beetle (Galeruca pomonea); two leaf-rolling tortricids (Cochylis roseana and Endothenia oblongana; Tortricidae), a nymphalid (Euphydryas aurenia) and several unidentified eriophyid mites and sawflies. Host specificity testing has begun for C. ramosa (Agromyzidae), L. strigicollis (Chrysomelidae) and E. oblongana in Europe. Back to top of web page 18) Project title: Biological Control of Purple Loosestrife Investigators: R. N. Wiedenmann, S. L. Post, and C. G. Helm, Illinois Natural History Survey; R. J. Bartelt, B. Zilkowski and A. A. Cosse, USDA-ARS (Peoria, IL) Contact: Robert N. Wiedenmann (rwieden@uark.edu) Project description: We continue to rear small numbers of Galerucella calmariensis leaf-feeding beetles for distribution to cooperators for release against purple loosestrife. Signs of success at numerous Illinois sites, ranging from total defoliation of loosestrife at monotypic stands of loosestrife, to gradual reduction of flowering and stature of loosestrife in some of the more-diverse sites, continue to accrue. At diverse sites, native plants are making a recovery and are now dominating loosestrife, which is still present, but smaller and not flowering. We have trained >400 educators about wetlands, biodiversity and biological control of exotic plants, using purple loosestrife as a case history, and had teachers and their students rearing Galerucella beetles in the classroom, and making releases into nearby wetlands. In a collaboration with the USDA-ARS laboratory in Peoria, we have found a male-produced pheromone in G. calmariensis and G. pusilla, which shows activity assayed by gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection. The compound was synthesized and proved to be a novel compound. Laboratory and field tests have shown efficacy in attractiing beetles of both species and sex. Such a pheromone may be valuable for field-collecting beetles, and for sampling movement of beetles away from release sites. Further tests have shown that production of the pheromone occurred when G. calmariensis males fed on loosestrife, but almost none was produced when the beetles fed on the non-target plant rose, and none was produced by beetles feeding on sandbar willow. These findings may have implications for maintaining host specificity by the beetles on purple loosestrife. Back to top of web page 19) Project title: Ecology and biological control of Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) Investigators: L.K. Schwab, R. N. Wiedenmann and S. Raghu, Illinois Natural History Survey Contact: S. Raghu (raghu@uiuc.edu) Project description: Euphorbia esula is emerging as a significant weed in northern Illinois with infestations occurring in the collar counties around Lake Michigan. Since this weed has been a target for biological control through a large USDA project. Fifteen different insects, including six Aphthona flea beetle species, have been released as part of this effort. A recent study in the native range of the weed by Nowierski and colleagues, identified several habitat and plant traits correlated with the incidence of Aphthona flea beetles. We are conducting a similar ecological study in leafy spurge infested habitats in northern Illinois to make specific recommendations of Aphthona spp. most likely to establish and be effective in Illinois. These predictions have the potential to make the biocontrol effort in Illinois more efficient, by targeting resources in releasing of beetles most likely to be effective in controlling the weed. Back to top of web page 20) Project title: Effect of glucosinolates produced by broccoli plants in response to herbivory on aphid parasitoids Investigators: M. Alleyne, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Contact: Marianne Alleyne (vanlaarh@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: Glucosinolates are examples of secondary plant compounds produced by plants in response to herbivory. Although known to be synthesized by plants in several plant families, glucosinolates are best studied in the family Brassicacae. Glucosinolates, and their breakdown-products, have been shown to protect mammalian cells against cancer. There is, therefore, much interest in determining which varieties of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower, produce the highest glucosinolate levels in the edible portions of the plant. Little is known, however, on how breeding for increased glucosinolate levels may affect the herbivore-natural enemy complex associated with the cruciferous crop. This project initiated at the INHS, in collaboration with researchers at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), studies the effects of glucosinolates produced by two different broccoli strains on life-history variables of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae and its parasitoid Aphidius colemani. The two different strains of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) are characterized by either low or high glucosinolate levels in the edible portions of the plant (we have shown that this difference in glucosinolate level also translates to the leaves). In the future other aphid and parasitoid species, with slightly different life-history traits, may also be studied. Glucosinolates have been extracted from the plants and have been quantified. Aphid and parasitoid samples will be analyzed shortly. This project resulted in a Master’s Thesis for Nadine Schulz from the Institute of Phytomedicine at Universität Hohenheim after working for two semesters in the Alleyne-lab at UIUC. The title of her thesis is ‘Glucosinolate governed tritrophic interactions of broccoli, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Aphidius colemani (Viereck).’ Back to top of web page 21) Project title: Interactions between native and exotic parasitoids attacking the native evergreen bagworm in Central Illinois Investigators: M. Alleyne, L.M. Hanks & S. Moser, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and R.N. Wiedenmann, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas Contact: Marianne Alleyne (vanlaarh@life.uiuc.edu) Project description: We have been working to determine the non-target effects of biological control agents by studying a host-parasitoid system involving a native pest (evergreen bagworm), its host plant (arborvitae), one native hymenopteran parasitoid, Itoplectis conquisitor, and an introduced ichneumonid, Pimpla disparis, in Central Illinois. Results of this study will help explain the observation that in at least one recent year, the introduced parasitoid out-competed the native parasitoids. This study lays groundwork to help us to determine the host finding and host suitability parameters that are important in determining habitat fidelity and host range of a parasitoid, and thereby predict the impacts of released parasitoids on native parasitoids and non-target hosts. In addition, this parasitoid-pest complex gives us the opportunity to consider intra-guild competition among the native and exotic parasitoids, and how other interactions (with hyper-parasitoids, hosts, and food plants) may affect this competition. Ultimately studies like these will lead to the development of safer and more effective management strategies for this important ornamental pest, the evergreen bagworm, with possible application in other systems. Recently Susan Moser finished her work on this system at the University of Illinois and hopes to publish her findings soon. Back to top of web page |
| Illinois - publications |
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Refereed Publications: Cabrera, A. R., R. A. Cloyd, and E. R. Zaborski. 2004. Effects of greenhouse pesticides on the soil-dwelling predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) under laboratory conditions. J. Econ. Entomol. 97(3): 793-799. Cabrera, A. R., R. A. Cloyd, and E. R. Zaborski. 2005. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of novaluron (Pedestal®) on the soil-dwelling predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), under laboratory conditions. J. Entomol. Sci. 40(1): 54-66. Dhileepan, K., Treviño, M., Donnelly, G. and Raghu, S. (2005). Risk to non-target plants from Charidotis auroguttata (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera), a potential biocontrol agent for Cat’s Claw Creeper Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) in Australia. Biological Control 32: 450–460. Dhileepan, K., Treviño, M. and Raghu, S. Effect of temperature on the survival of Aconophora compressa (Hemiptera: Membracidae): Implications for weed biocontrol. Australian Journal of Entomology (in press). Ellis, J. A., A. D. Walter, J. F. Tooker, M. D. Ginzel, P. F. Reagel, E. S. Lacey, A. B. Bennett, E. M. Grossman, and L. M. Hanks. 2005. Conservation biological control in urban landscapes: Manipulating parasitoids of bagworm (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) with flowering forbs. Biol. Control 34: 99-107. Fallon, D. J., L. F. Solter, M. Keena, M. McManus, J. R. Cate, & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Susceptibility of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motchulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes. Biol. Control 30: 430-438. Goertz, D., Pilarska, D., Kereselidze, M., Solter, L., and Linde, A. 2004. Studies on the impact of two Nosema isolates from Bulgaria on the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) J. Invertebr. Pathol. 87, 105-113. Hanks, L. M., T. D. Paine, & J. G. Millar. 2005. Influence of the larval environment on performance and adult body size of the wood-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 114: 25-34. Hoch, G., Solter, L.F., Schopf, A. 2004. Hemolymph melanization and alterations in hemocyte numbers in Lymantria dispar (L.) larvae following infections with different entomopathogenic microsporidia. Entomologia Experimentalis and Applicata 113, 77-86. Lacey, E. S., M. D. Ginzel, J. G. Millar, and L. M. Hanks. 2004. Male-produced aggregation pheromone of the cerambycid beetle Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus. J. Chem. Ecol. 30: 1493-1507. Luhring, K. A., J. G. Millar, T. D. Paine, D. Reed, L. M. Hanks, & H. Christiansen. 2004. Ovipositional preferences and progeny development of the egg parasitoid Avetianella longoi: factors mediating replacement of one species by a congener in a shared habitat. Biol. Control 30: 382-391. (see corrigendum, Biol. Control 31: 257). Lundgren, J. G., A. Huber, and R. N. Wiedenmann. 2005. Quantification of the consumption of corn pollen by the predator Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) during anthesis in an Illinois cornfield. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 7: 53-60. Lundgren, J. G., J. J. Duan, M. S. Paradise and R. N. Wiedenmann. 2005. Rearing protocol and life history traits for rearing Poecilus chalcites (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Entomological Science 40: 126-135. Maddox, J. D. and R. N. Wiedenmann. 2005. Breeding phenology and nest success of three bird species nesting in wetlands containing purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and cattail (Typha spp.). Natural Areas Journal 25: 369-373. Paine, T. D., A. L. Joyce, J. G. Millar, & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Effect of variation in host size on the sex ratio, size, and survival of Syngaster lepidus, a parasitoid of eucalyptus longhorned beetles (Phoracantha spp.), II. Biol. Control 30: 374-381. Raghu, S., Wiltshire, C. and Dhileepan, K. 2005. Pre-dispersal seed predation in the invasive legume Leucaena leucocephala is limited by duration of pod retention. Austral Ecology 30: 310–318. Raghu, S. and Dhileepan, K. 2005. The value of simulating herbivory in selecting effective weed biological control agents. Biological Control 34: 265–273. Rebek, E. J., C. S. Sadof, & L. M. Hanks. 2005. Manipulating the abundance of natural enemies in ornamental landscapes with floral resource plants. Biol. Control 33: 203-216. Rothwangl, K. B., R. A. Cloyd, and R. N. Wiedenmann. 2004. Effects of insect growth regulators on citrus mealybug parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidase). J. Econ. Entomol. 97(4): 1239-1244. Sheppard, A. and Raghu, S. 2005. Working at the interface of art and science: How best to select an agent for classical biological control? Biological Control 34: 233–235. Solter, L.F., Maddox, J.V. and Vossbrinck, C.R. Physiological host specificity: a model using the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and microsporidia of row crop and other stalk-boring hosts. J. Invertebr. Pathol. (in press) Tooker, J. F., & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Endophytic insect communities of two prairie perennials (Asteraceae: Silphium spp.). Biodiv. Conserv. 13: 2551-2566. Tooker, J. F., & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Impact of prescribed burning on endophytic insect communities of prairie perennials (Asteraceae: Silphium spp.). Biodiv. Conserv. 13: 1875-1888. Tooker, J. F., & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Stereochemistry of host plant monoterpenes as mate location cues for the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus. J. Chem. Ecol. 30: 473-477. Tooker, J. F., & L. M. Hanks. 2004. Trophic position of the endophytic beetle Mordellistena aethiops Smith (Coleoptera: Mordellidae). Environ. Entomol. 33: 291-296. Tooker, J. F., A. L. Crumrin, & L. M. Hanks. 2005. Plant volatiles are behavioral cues for the adult females of the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus. Chemoecol. 15: 85-88. Tooker, J. F., M. Hauser, & L. M. Hanks. 2005. Floral host plants of Syrphidae and Tachinidae (Diptera) of central Illinois. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. (in press). Back to top of web page View reports from other states |