State Reports for 2005
| Ohio - Project Reports |
| 1) Project Title:Habitat Characteristics and Entomopathogenic Nematode Persistence in Agroecosystems Investigators: Hoy, C.W., and Grewal, P.S., Ohio State Univ., Dept. of Entomology, Wooster, OH Contact:Casey Hoy (hoy.1@osu.edu) Project Description: We have focused our research on naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematode populations in a vegetable production area in Ohio with a diverse mixture of crops, and insect pests, and high organic matter soils. A systematic survey of 600 sample sites representing 6 different habitat classes in and around the production area identified 41 sites that had endemic steinernematid or heterorhabditid populations. The habitat class of the positive sites varied, 22 were in grassy field borders within the vegetable production area, and the remainder were outside of the production area: 10 in forest, 4 in residential lawns, 3 in field crops (corn and soybeans), 2 in successional shrub land, and none from within the vegetable fields. Canonical correspondence analysis of soil food web structure, based on free-living nematodes in soil samples, and soil physical and chemical properties at each of the sites indicated that the optimal soil conditions for the endemic entomopathogenic nematode populations are distinctly different from the other free living nematodes and improved soil conditions may be possible by changing how farmers improve soil fertility. 2) Project Title: Impact of irrigation and nutrient variation on the population dynamics of fungus gnats and some entomopathogenic nematodes used for their control. Investigators: Luis A. Cañas, Gampati B. Jagdale, Parwinder Grewal. Dept. of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster & Columbus, OH Contact: Luis Cañas (canas.4@osu.edu) Project Description: Research objectives include evaluating the relationship between soil moisture (irrigation) and adult fungus gnat survival and reproduction and how these soil moisture levels affect nematode infectivity. Two crops, poinsettias and impatiens will be grown at different soil moisture levels and the populations of fungus gnats and various entomopathogenic nematodes species will be followed through time. Currently we have found evidence that soil moisture levels below 40% will affect fungus gnat adult survivorship. 3) Project Title: Effect of differential fertilization on the interaction between above, Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and below ground, fungus gnats Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae) herbivores on poinsettias and consequences for Encarsia Formosa (Hemiptera: Aphelinidae). Investigators: Claudia Kuniyoshi and Luis A. Cañas. Dept. of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster & Columbus, OH Contact:Luis Cañas (canas.4@osu.edu) Project Description:The objectives include to A) determine the relationship between above (whiteflies) and below ground (fungus gnats) herbivores on poinsettias by assessing the effect of different population levels (from each herbivore) on development and fecundity. B) Determine the impact of plant nutrition on the interaction (relationship) between above and below ground herbivores and its impact on natural enemy attack, specifically we will evaluate mortality caused by Encarsia Formosa. C) Measure the effects of above and below ground herbivores on poinsettia performance. This project is currently under way. 4) Project Title: Predatory mites in apple orchards. Investigators: Celeste Welty, Dept. of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Contact: Celeste Welty (welty.1@osu.edu) Project Description: Studies of phytoseiid and stigmaeid predators of the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) in Ohio continued in 2005. The response of pest and predator populations to four insecticide programs each with and without oil and miticide application was evaluated, with emphasis on the enhancement of pyrethroid-tolerant predatory mites. 5) Project Title: The impact of ant attendance on the ability of natural enemies to control the soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Heteroptera: Aphididae) Investigators: John Herbert, Ronald B. Hammond and David J. Horn, Dept. of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster & Columbus, OH Contact: Dave Horn (horn.1@osu.edu) Project Description: The study showed that attendance by the ant Monomorium minumum in the laboratory resulted in reduced predation by both Orius insidiosus and Harmonia axyridis but had no impact on parasitism by Aphidiidae. M. minimum does attend soybean aphids in the field, and if it interferes with biocontrol in the field, small aphid populations may be freed from the constraints of predation allowing foci to build into a more widespread infestation. 6) Project Title: Nematodes as biological control agents. Investigators: Parwinder Grewal. Dept. of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster & Columbus, OH Contact: Parwinder Grewal (grewal.4@osu.edu) Publications: Grewal, P. S., Ehlers, R. U, and Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. [Editors]. 2005. Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 528pp. Grewal, P. S., Ehlers, R. U. & Shapiro-Illan, D. I. 2005. Critical issues and research needs for expanding the use of nematodes in biocontrol. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 479-490. Grewal, P. S. & Peters, A. 2005. Formulation and Quality control of entomopathogenic nematodes. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 79-90. Grewal, P. S. & Koppenhofer, A. M. 2005. Turfgrass and Pasture Pests. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 115-147. Lewis, E. E. & Grewal, P. S. 2005. Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on plant-parasitic nematodes. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 349-361. Koppenhofer, A. M. & Grewal, P. S. 2005. Interactions with other biological control agents and agrochemicals. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 363-381. Wilson, M. J. & Grewal, P. S. 2005. Biology, production, and formulation of slug-parasitic nematodes. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers and D. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 421-429. Back to top of web page |
| Ohio - Addenda |
| The quarantine facility in Columbus has been converted to a mosquito rearing facility. It still has USDA approval, but realistically we recommend that anyone in the North Central region consider Minnesota for quarantine work Prepared by: Luis Cañas Back to top of web page View reports from other state |